Apparatus and method for recognizing proximity motion using sensors

ABSTRACT

An apparatus for recognizing a proximity motion using sensors may include a first sensor to sense a first input region, a second sensor to sense a second input region distinct from the first input region, and an information transfer controller to transfer information related to a transition, between the first sensor and the second sensor.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the priority benefit of Korean PatentApplication No. 10-2013-0018961, filed on Feb. 22, 2013 and KoreanPatent Application No. 10-2013-0137168, filed on Nov. 12, 2013 in theKorean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which areincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

The following description relates to an apparatus and method forrecognizing a proximity motion using sensors.

2. Description of the Related Art

A touch input scheme performed on a two-dimensional (2D) plane is usedin various portable devices, such as a smart phone, a tablet computer,and a laptop computer, for example. In particular, the touch inputscheme has been developed from a single point recognition technique ofreceiving a single touch input to a multipoint recognition technique ofreceiving a plurality of touch inputs simultaneously.

Relative to a user input provided by touch screen technology, proximitymotion recognition technology may reduce fingerprint smudges on theinput display screen, and provide a three-dimensional interface for userinput. However, proximity motion recognition may also reduce an accuracyof the user input.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, a proximity motion apparatus may use a first sensor with anear range and a second sensor with a far range to detect a user inputfor an input display screen, and manage power supplied to each sensor. Auser interface for the input display screen may be adapted to correspondto a detected motion in the near range, such that a user may moreaccurately provide the user input. For example, the user interface maybe magnified as a motion is detected approaching the input displayscreen. The user interface may switch from a two dimensional interfaceto a three dimensional interface, or vice versa, as the approachingmotion is detected. Icons may be adapted to shift position on the inputdisplay screen to prevent the icons from being obscured by theapproaching motion. Such adaptations of the input display screen may beintuitive to a user, and mimic a natural movement of the user.

The foregoing and/or other aspects are achieved by providing anapparatus for recognizing a proximity motion using sensors, theapparatus including a first sensor to sense a first input space at adistance closer than a predetermined distance from a reference surfacefor recognizing a proximate motion, a second sensor to sense a secondinput space at a distance farther than the predetermined distance fromthe reference surface, and an information transfer controller totransfer information related to a transition of an input object, betweenthe first sensor and the second sensor, when the transition occursbetween the first input space and the second input space.

The apparatus may further include a proximity measurer to measure aproximity between the input object and the reference surface, and asensor controller to selectively activate the first sensor and thesecond sensor, based on the measured proximity.

The apparatus may further include a display to display a proximitymotion interface, and an interface controller to control the proximitymotion interface for a size of an area being indicated by a first inputobject to be changed based on a proximity between the first input objectand the reference surface, when the first input object is input in thefirst input space.

The apparatus may further include an interface controller to control theproximity motion interface for at least one predetermined icon to bedisposed along a perimeter of a point being indicated by a second inputobject, when the second input object is input in the second input space,and a signal processor to extract an axis and an endpoint of the firstinput object based on an output signal of the first sensor, when thefirst input object is input in the first input space. Here, theinterface controller may control, using the axis and the endpoint of thefirst input object, the proximity motion interface for the at least onepredetermined icon to be disposed along a perimeter of an area in whichthe display is obscured by the first input object, when the first inputobject is input in the first input space.

The apparatus may further include a plurality of input sensing units todetermine whether a plurality of input objects is sensed, based on atleast one of an output signal of the first sensor and an output signalof the second sensor, and an input selector to select at least one ofthe plurality of input objects based on a predetermined mode, when theplurality of input sensing units determines that the plurality of inputobjects is sensed.

The apparatus may further include an input pattern recognizer torecognize an input pattern based on at least one of an output signal ofthe first sensor and an output signal of the second sensor, and afunction performer to perform a function corresponding to the inputpattern.

The apparatus may further include a display to provide a two-dimensional(2D) interface and a three-dimensional (3D) interface, a calculator tocalculate at least one of a position, a velocity, and an angularvelocity of the input object, based on at least one of an output signalof the first sensor and an output signal of the second sensor, and adisplay controller to control an operation mode of the display based ona result of the calculating.

The foregoing and/or other aspects are achieved by providing a method ofrecognizing a proximity motion using sensors, the method includingsensing, using a first sensor, a first input space when an input objectis present in the first input space at a distance closer than apredetermined distance from a reference surface for recognizing aproximity motion, sensing, using a second sensor, a second input spacewhen the input object is present in the second input space at a distancefarther than the predetermined distance from the reference surface, andtransferring information related to a transition of the input object,between the first sensor and the second sensor when the transitionoccurs between the first input space and the second input space.

The foregoing and/or other aspects are achieved by providing a method ofcontrolling a user interface, the method including sensing an input in afirst region near the user interface; sensing the input in a secondregion outside the first region; and selectively controlling the userinterface in a first manner and a second manner based on at least one ofa position and movement of the sensed input within the first region andthe second region.

Additional aspects of embodiments will be set forth in part in thedescription which follows and, in part, will be apparent from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readilyappreciated from the following description of embodiments, taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an apparatus for recognizing a proximity motion usingsensors according to example embodiments;

FIG. 2 illustrates an output signal of a first sensor and an outputsignal of a second sensor according to example embodiments;

FIG. 3 illustrates a power saving mode of an apparatus for recognizing aproximity motion according to example embodiments;

FIG. 4 illustrates a proximity motion interface provided by an apparatusfor recognizing a proximity motion according to example embodiments;

FIG. 5 illustrates an operation of an apparatus for recognizing aproximity motion according to example embodiments;

FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate an operation of disposing an iconautomatically, by an apparatus for recognizing a proximity motionaccording to example embodiments;

FIGS. 7, 8A, and 8B illustrate a signal processing method for anoperation of disposing an icon automatically, by an apparatus forrecognizing a proximity motion according to example embodiments;

FIGS. 9A, 9B, 9C, and 10 illustrate an operation of an apparatus forrecognizing a proximity motion when a plurality of input objects issensed according to example embodiments;

FIG. 11 illustrates an apparatus for recognizing a proximity motion thatmay recognize an input pattern according to example embodiments; and

FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate an operation of switching between atwo-dimensional (2D) interface and a three-dimensional (3D) interface byan apparatus for recognizing a proximity motion according to exampleembodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of whichare illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like referencenumerals refer to like elements throughout. Embodiments are describedbelow to explain the present disclosure by referring to the figures.

Hereinafter, an apparatus for recognizing a proximity motion may bereferred to simply as the apparatus.

FIG. 1 illustrates an apparatus 100 for recognizing a proximity motionusing sensors according to example embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 1, the apparatus 100 may include a first sensor 110, asecond sensor 120, and an information transfer controller 130.

Here, technology for recognizing a proximity motion may refer totechnology for developing a touch input scheme from a two-dimensional(2D) scheme to a three-dimensional (3D) scheme. The apparatus 100 mayrefer to an apparatus that may receive an input of a proximity motionfrom a user and recognize the input proximity motion, and may beimplemented in various forms, such as a fixed device and a portabledevice, for example. The first sensor may be a first type of sensor andthe second sensor may be a second type of sensor. However, thedisclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the sensors may be ofthe same type, but configured to sense an input in different distanceranges.

The first sensor 110 may sense a first input space, or region, at adistance closer than a first predetermined distance 141 from a referencesurface 140 for recognizing a proximity motion.

Although not shown in the drawings, the apparatus 100 may furtherinclude a display, and the reference surface 140 may be disposed abovethe display.

In this instance, the first sensor 110 may be implemented by variousschemes. For example, the first sensor 110 may be implemented using aninfrared sensor or an ultrasonic sensor installed at an edge of thedisplay, or may be implemented using an image sensor, a depth sensor, ora touch sensor panel.

In addition, the second sensor 120 may sense a second input space at adistance farther than the first predetermined distance 141 and closerthan a second predetermined distance 142 from the reference surface 140.Here, a value of the second predetermined distance 142 may be greaterthan a value of the first predetermined distance 141.

When an input object 150 is input at a position corresponding to thefirst predetermined distance 141, the apparatus 100 may sense the inputobject 150 using the first sensor 110 or the second sensor 120, based onpredetermined settings.

In this instance, the second sensor 120 may be implemented by variousschemes. For example, the second sensor 120 may be implemented using aninfrared sensor or an ultrasonic sensor installed at an edge of thedisplay, or may be implemented using an image sensor, a depth sensor, ora touch sensor panel.

Here, the first predetermined distance 141 and the second predetermineddistance 142 may be predetermined based on a characteristic of the firstsensor 110 and a characteristic of the second sensor 120, respectively.

The apparatus 100 may process an input being sensed in a space mostproximate to the reference surface 140 and an input being sensed in aspace relatively far from the reference surface 140 in differentmanners, using at least two different sensors.

Accordingly, the apparatus 100 may provide technology that may combineadvantages of different sensors, for example, an advantage of an imagesensor sensing a relatively wide input space, and an advantage of atouch sensor panel sensing an input object rapidly and accurately.

In addition, the apparatus 100 may provide technology for avoidinghandprints generated by inputs being left behind, when compared to atouch screen input scheme. Also, the apparatus 100 may providetechnology for reducing an input load of providing an input for a screento be touched directly, and technology for receiving various inputs, forexample, intuitive and natural gesture inputs, such as a motion ofturning a page, a motion of picking up an object, and the like, byutilizing a 3D space.

Hereinafter, for ease of description, the first sensor 110 maycorrespond to a capacitive touch sensor configured to sense a space at adistance within 5 centimeters (cm) from the reference surface 140, andthe second sensor 120 may correspond to a vision sensor configured tosense a space at a distance greater than or equal to 5 cm from thereference surface 140. However, the scope of the present disclosure isnot to be limited thereto.

Here, the vision sensor may recognize spatial information of a targetobject, by sensing a change in light with respect to the target objectover time, for example, a time-derivative value of light. When thetarget object is moved, the vision sensor may selectively sense themovement, by distinguishing the movement from a background. For example,the vision sensor may include a dynamic vision sensor (DVS) configuredto sense only a change in an intensity of light in each pixel.

In addition, when a transition of the input object 150 occurs betweenthe first input space and the second input space, the informationtransfer controller 130 may transfer information related to thetransition, between the first sensor 110 and the second sensor 120.

For example, when the input object 150 slowly approaches from a positionfar from the reference surface 140, a transition of the input object 150may occur from the second input space to the first input space.

In this instance, when the input object 150 is input in the second inputspace, the apparatus 100 may sense the input object 150 using the secondsensor 120. Conversely, when the input object 150 is input in the firstinput space, the apparatus 100 may sense the input object 150 using thefirst sensor 110. Accordingly, when the transition of the input object150 occurs from the second input space to the first input space, theapparatus 100 may switch a sensor to be used from the second sensor 120to the first sensor 110.

Here, the information transfer controller 130 may transfer informationrelated to the transition to the first sensor 110 or controller forcontrolling sensors. Here, the information related to the transition maybe generated based on an output signal of the second sensor 120. Thefirst sensor 110 may sense the input object 150 input in the first inputspace, based on the received information related to the transition.

Accordingly, the apparatus 100 may provide technology for seamlessswitching between the sensors. For example, the information related tothe transition may include information related to a position of theinput object 150 sensed by the second sensor 120. The first sensor 110may use the position of the input object 150 included in the informationrelated to the transition, as an initial input position. In so doing,the apparatus 100 may sense the input object 150 continuously andseamlessly although a sensor to be used for sensing the input object 150is changed.

Identical descriptions provided above may be applied to a case of atransition of the input object 150 from the first input space to thesecond input space, and thus will be omitted for conciseness and ease ofdescription.

FIG. 2 illustrates an output signal of a first sensor and an outputsignal of a second sensor according to example embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 2, the first sensor may output an x-coordinate, ay-coordinate, and a z-coordinate of an input object 250 being sensed ina first input space 230. The second sensor may output an x-coordinate,and a y-coordinate of the input object 250 being sensed in a secondinput space 240.

Here, the x-coordinate, the y-coordinate, and the z-coordinate mayindicate positions at which the input object 250 is being sensed in anx-axial direction 211, a y-axial direction 212, and a z-axial direction213, respectively, based on the origin present on a reference surface220. For example, the origin may correspond to a point at an upper leftedge of the reference surface 220.

An apparatus for recognizing a proximity motion according to the presentembodiments may process an input being sensed in the first input space230 closest to the reference surface 220, using 3D coordinates, andprocess an input being sensed in the second input space 240 relativelyfar from the reference surface 220, using 2D coordinates.

In this instance, information related to a transition of the inputobject 250 to be transferred by an information transfer controller whenthe transition occurs between the first input space 230 and the secondinput space 240 may include an x-coordinate and a y-coordinate of theinput object 250 being sensed in a corresponding input space.

The first sensor or the second sensor may receive the transferredx-coordinate and y-coordinate as an initial position of the input object250, thereby enabling seamless switching between sensors.

FIG. 3 illustrates a power saving mode of an apparatus for recognizing aproximity motion according to example embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 3, the apparatus may selectively activate a firstsensor and a second sensor based on a proximity between an input object310 and a reference surface 320.

Although not shown in the drawings, the apparatus may further include aproximity measurer, and a sensor controller.

The proximity measurer may measure the proximity between the inputobject 310 and the reference surface 320. Here, the proximity refers toa measure indicating an extent of closeness between the input object 310and the reference surface 320, and may include, for example, a shortestdistance between the input object 310 and the reference surface 320, andthe like.

In this instance, the proximity measurer may be implemented using athird sensor distinct from the first sensor and the second sensor. Forexample, the proximity measurer may be implemented using an infrared(IR) sensor, or may be of the same type as the first sensor or thesecond sensor. According to example embodiments, the proximity measurermay be implemented using an output signal of the first sensor and anoutput signal of the second sensor.

The sensor controller may selectively activate the first sensor and thesecond sensor, based on the measured proximity.

For example, when the input object 310 is sensed in a first input space330, the sensor controller may activate the first sensor and deactivatethe second sensor. In addition, the sensor controller may activate thesecond sensor and deactivate the first sensor, when the input object 310is sensed in a second input space 350.

Accordingly, the apparatus may deactivate a sensor currently not in use,among sensors, thereby providing technology for reducing powerconsumption.

In addition, when the input object 310 is sensed in a transition space340 between the first input space 330 and the second input space 350,the sensor controller may operate the second sensor in a stand-by modewhile the first sensor is activated.

According to example embodiments, when the input object 310 is sensed inthe transition space 340, the sensor controller may operate the firstsensor in a stand-by mode while the second sensor is activated.

Here, the stand-by mode refers to an operation mode distinct from aninactive mode, and may include, for example, a low-power operation modein which a sensor may require a shorter time for being activated, andthe like.

Accordingly, the apparatus may provide technology for reducing powerconsumption and technology for increasing a sensing response rate,simultaneously.

FIG. 4 illustrates a proximity motion interface provided by an apparatusfor recognizing a proximity motion according to example embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 4, the apparatus may further include a displayconfigured to provide a proximity motion interface. Here, a referencesurface 440 may be disposed above the display.

In particular, the apparatus may control the proximity motion interfacefor a size of an area being indicated by an input object to be changed,based on a proximity of the input object to the reference surface 440.

For example, when an input object 410 is input in a second input space460, the apparatus may obtain an x-coordinate and a y-coordinate of theinput object 410, using a second sensor. The apparatus may display anarea 415 being indicated by the input object 410 in a predeterminedsize, using the obtained x-coordinate and y-coordinate.

In addition, when an input object 420 is input in a first input space450, the apparatus may obtain an x-coordinate, a y-coordinate, and az-coordinate of the input object 420 using a first sensor. In thisinstance, the apparatus may change a size of an area 425 being indicatedby the input object 420, using the obtained x-coordinate andy-coordinate.

In this instance, the apparatus may control the size of the area 425 tobe changed based on the obtained z-coordinate. For example, theapparatus may extract a proximity between the input object 420 and thereference surface 440 based on the obtained z-coordinate, and controlthe proximity motion interface for the size of the area 425 to increaseas the proximity between the input object 420 and the reference surface440 increases.

Accordingly, the apparatus may expand an area being indicated by aninput object as a distance between the input object and a referencesurface decreases, thereby providing technology for receiving an inputof a more subtle pointing motion.

In addition, the apparatus may determine whether an input object 430 isin contact with the reference surface 440. In this instance, the inputobject 430 may be input in the first input space 450, and the apparatusmay obtain an x-coordinate, a y-coordinate, and a z-coordinate of theinput object 430, using the first sensor. The apparatus may determinewhether the input object 430 is in contact with the reference surface440, based on the z-coordinate of the input object 430.

When it is determined that the input object 430 is in contact with thereference surface 440, the apparatus may control the proximity motioninterface for an area 435 being indicated by the input object 430 to beselected.

In this instance, the proximity motion interface may include at leastone icon. The apparatus may control the proximity motion interface for asize of an icon being indicated by an input object to increase as aproximity between the input object and a reference surface increases. Inaddition, when the input object is in contact with the referencesurface, the apparatus may control the proximity motion interface for anicon being indicated by the input object to be selected.

Further, the apparatus may perform a function corresponding to theselected icon. For example, in a case in which an icon being indicatedby an input object corresponds to a call icon when the input object isin contact with a reference surface, the apparatus may perform a callfunction.

According to the present embodiments, the apparatus may provide userinterface (UI) technology for facilitating an input motion in a spaceproximate to a reference surface.

According to example embodiments, the apparatus may further include atypical touch sensor configured to sense a touch input provided on thereference surface 440, in addition to the first sensor configured tosense the first input space and the second sensor configured to sensethe second input space. In this instance, the apparatus may activate thetouch sensor when it is determined that the input object 430 is incontact with the reference surface 440.

FIG. 5 illustrates an operation of an apparatus for recognizing aproximity motion according to example embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 5, in operation 510, the apparatus may initialize afirst sensor and a second sensor. Here, the apparatus may initializeoperation modes of the first sensor and the second sensor to be activemodes, based on predetermined initialization settings.

In operation 520, the apparatus may determine whether an input object ispresent at a proximity distance. For example, the apparatus maydetermine whether the input object is sensed within a second distance atwhich an input object may be sensed by the second sensor.

When it is determined, in operation 520, that the input object ispresent at the proximity distance, the apparatus may determine whetherthe input object is present within a predetermined proximity distance,in operation 530. For example, when the input object is sensed withinthe second distance, the apparatus may determine whether the inputobject is sensed within a first distance at which the input object maybe sensed by the first sensor.

In this example, the apparatus may maintain the active mode of the firstsensor and switch the operation mode of the second sensor to a stand-bymode, in operation 540, when the input object is sensed within both thesecond distance and the first distance.

In this instance, the input object may be sensed in a first input space,and the apparatus may control an interface, for example, a UI, forperforming a pointing operation using an x-coordinate and a y-coordinateof the sensed input object and a magnifying operation using az-coordinate of the sensed input object, in operation 550.

Conversely, the apparatus may maintain the active mode of the secondsensor, and switch the operation mode of the first sensor to a stand-bymode, in operation 560, when the input object is sensed within thesecond distance, whereas the input object is not sensed within the firstdistance.

In this instance, the input object may be sensed in a second inputspace, and the apparatus may control the interface for performing apointing operation using an x-coordinate and a y-coordinate of thesensed input object.

Identical descriptions provided with reference to FIG. 4 may be appliedto operations 550 and 570 and thus, a repeated description will beomitted for conciseness.

In addition, the apparatus may execute an application UI correspondingto the received input, in operation 580. For example, the apparatus mayactivate a selected icon, or may perform an operation of switchingbetween a 2D interface and a 3D interface.

FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate an operation of disposing an iconautomatically by an apparatus for recognizing a proximity motionaccording to example embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 6A, the apparatus may control a proximity motioninterface for at least one predetermined icon to be disposed along aperimeter of a point being indicated by an input object.

In particular, when an input object 620 is input in a second inputspace, the apparatus may obtain a point 621 being indicated by the inputobject 620, based on an output signal of a second sensor. Here, thesecond input space may be at a distance greater than or equal to apredetermined distance 622 from a reference surface 610. In thisinstance, the apparatus may provide an interface in which a plurality oficons 623 is disposed along a perimeter of the point 621 being indicatedby the input object 620.

In addition, when an input object 630 is input in a first input space,the apparatus may extract an axis and an endpoint of the input object630, based on an output signal of a first sensor. For example, referringto FIG. 7, the apparatus may extract an axis 750 and an endpoint 740from an image 730 of a sensed input object 720. Here, the axis 750 andthe endpoint 740 may be disposed on a reference surface 710.

In this instance, the apparatus may provide an interface in which aplurality of icons 633 is disposed along a perimeter of an area in whicha display is obscured by the input object 630. For example, referring toFIG. 7, the apparatus may control a proximity motion interface for aplurality of icons to be disposed in a form of a sector 760, startingfrom the endpoint 740 in a direction opposite to the axis 750.

Further, when the input object 630 is input in the first input space,the apparatus may control the proximity motion interface for a size ofat least one predetermined icon to be changed based on a proximity 632of the input object 630 and the reference surface 610. Identicaldescriptions provided with reference to FIG. 4 may be applied to theabove operations and thus a repeated description will be omitted forconciseness.

Referring to FIG. 6B, the apparatus may be operated in an identicalmanner, when an input object having a mirror symmetry with the inputobject of FIG. 6A is input.

In particular, when an input object 640 is input in a second inputspace, the apparatus may obtain a point 641 being indicated by the inputobject 640, based on an output signal of a second sensor. In thisinstance, the apparatus may provide an interface in which a plurality oficons 642 is disposed along a perimeter of the point 641 being indicatedby the input object 640.

In addition, when an input object 650 is input in a first input space,the apparatus may extract an axis and an endpoint of the input object650, based on an output signal of a first sensor. In this instance, theapparatus may provide an interface in which a plurality of icons 651 isdisposed along a perimeter of an area in which a display is obscured bythe input object 650.

Accordingly, when an input object is disposed at a distance greater thanor equal to a predetermined distance from a reference surface 610, theapparatus may dispose a plurality of icons along a perimeter of a pointbeing indicated by the object, irrespective of an axial direction of theinput object, because the display may not be obscured by the inputobject.

Conversely, when an input object is disposed proximate to the referencesurface, the apparatus may dispose the plurality of icons along aperimeter of an area in which the display is obscured, in a line ofsight of an axial direction of the input object, because a probabilityof the display being obscured by the input object may be high.

FIGS. 8A through 8B illustrate a signal processing method for anoperation of disposing an icon automatically by an apparatus forrecognizing a proximity motion according to example embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 8A, in operation 811, the apparatus may sense an inputobject. In operation 812, the apparatus may perform signal processingfor extracting an axis and an endpoint of the sensed input object. Inoperation 813, the apparatus may extract the axis and the endpoint ofthe input object, based on a result of the signal processing. Operations811 through 813 will be further described in detail with reference toFIG. 8B. In operation 814, the apparatus may dispose at least onepredetermined icon, based on a proximity distance between the inputobject and a reference surface, the extracted axis, and the extractedendpoint.

Referring to FIG. 8B, the apparatus may perform image sensing of aninput object in operation 820, a subtraction for removing a backgroundexcluding the input object in operation 830, high-pass filtering forindicating an outline of the input object in operation 840, anamplification for defining the outline in operation 850, thresholdingfor removing an outlier excluding the input object in operation 860, asearch for a top of a region for searching for a point corresponding toa fingertip in operation 870, and an output of a result in operation880, thereby extracting an axis and an endpoint of the input object.

In particular, the apparatus may acquire an input image through theimage sensing performed in operation 820. For example, the apparatus mayacquire a depth image of the input object as the input image. Theapparatus may extract an object 831 from the input image through thesubtraction performed in operation 830. For example, the apparatus maydistinguish between an object and a background in the depth image, andextract a portion corresponding to the object from the depth image. Amethod of distinguishing between an object and a background in a depthimage may be implemented using various methods. For example, theapparatus may use a threshold depth that distinguishes between an objectand a background. The apparatus may classify a pixel having a depth lessthan or equal to the threshold depth as an object, and classify a pixelhaving a depth greater than the threshold depth as a background.

The apparatus may obtain an outline 841 of the input object through thehigh-pass filtering performed in operation 840. For example, theapparatus may extract pixels of which depths are different fromneighboring pixels by at least a predetermined amount. The outline 841extracted by the high-pass filtering may include outlines of the thumband the four fingers. The apparatus may define the outline 841 of theinput object through the amplification performed in operation 850. Forexample, the apparatus may amplify values of pixels included inside theoutline 841 of the input object. When the input image corresponds to adepth image, depths of pixels in the depth image may be amplified.Hereinafter, a depth of a pixel expressed using a relatively brightcolor may be less than a depth of a pixel expressed using a relativelydark color. For example, a depth of a pixel included in an area 851expressed using a relatively bright color may be less than a depth of apixel included in an area 852 expressed using a relatively dark color.

The apparatus may remove an outlier excluding the input object, throughthe thresholding performed in operation 860. For example, the apparatusmay remove pixels having depths greater than the threshold depth fromamong pixels of the provided depth image. The apparatus may identify apoint corresponding to a fingertip through the search for the top of theregion performed in operation 870. The apparatus may generate arectangular model 871 surrounding a finger, with respect to each of thethumb and the four fingers. The rectangular model 871 may have a heighth and a width w.

The apparatus may search for a pixel having a least a top point, forexample, a least a depth, in a single end area of the rectangular model871. The apparatus may search for a pixel 873 having a least depth in arectangular area 872 located at a single end of the rectangular model871 and of which four sides are of a length h. The found pixel 873 maycorrespond to an endpoint of the input object. In addition, a linesegment which extends in a direction of the width of the rectangularmodel 871 based on the endpoint may correspond to an axis of the inputobject. The apparatus may output at least one pair of the endpoint andthe axis of the input object, through the result output performed inoperation 880. For example, the apparatus may output a pair of anendpoint and an axis, with respect to each of the thumb and the fourfingers.

FIGS. 9A through 10 illustrate an operation of an apparatus forrecognizing a proximity motion when a plurality of input objects issensed according to example embodiments.

Although not shown in the drawings, the apparatus may further include aplurality of input sensing units, and an input selector.

The plurality of sensing units may determine whether a plurality ofinput objects is sensed, based on at least one of an output signal of afirst sensor and an output signal of a second sensor.

In addition, the input selector may select at least one of the pluralityof input objects, based on a predetermined mode, when the plurality ofinput sensing units determines that the plurality of input objects issensed.

For example, referring to FIG. 9A, the apparatus may be operated in amode in which a plurality of inputs is received. In this instance, theapparatus may process a plurality of inputs provided by a first inputobject 920 and a second input object 930.

In particular, the apparatus may dispose first icons 922 along aperimeter of a point 921 being indicated by the first input object 920at a distance greater than or equal to a predetermined distance from areference surface 910. Simultaneously, the apparatus may dispose secondicons 932 along a perimeter of an area obscured by the second inputobject 930, rather than a point 931 being indicated by the second inputobject 930 proximate to the reference surface 910.

Referring to FIG. 9B, according to example embodiments, the apparatusmay be operated in a mode in which an input object most proximate to thereference surface is selected. In this instance, the apparatus may notdispose icons along a perimeter of a point 941 being indicated by afirst input object 940 at a distance relatively farther from thereference surface 910. The apparatus may select a second input object950 most proximate to the reference surface 910, and disposepredetermined icons 952 along a perimeter of an area obscured by thesecond input object 950.

Depending on a case, the second input object 950 most proximate to thereference surface 910 may be at a distance greater than or equal to apredetermined distance from the reference surface 910. In this instance,the apparatus may dispose the predetermined icons 952 along a perimeterof a point 951 being indicated by the second input object 950.

Referring to FIG. 9C, according to example embodiments, the apparatusmay be operated in a mode in which an input object is selected when aposition being indicated by the input object is most proximate to apredetermined position above the reference surface.

For example, the apparatus may select an input object indicating aposition most proximate to a center 980 of the reference surface 910. Afirst input object 960 may indicate a position 961 at a distance 962from the center 980 of the reference surface 910, and a second inputobject 970 may indicate a position 971 at a distance 972 from the center980 of the reference surface 910. In this instance, the apparatus mayselect the second input object 970 indicating the position 971 moreproximate to the center 980 of the reference surface 910.

The apparatus may dispose at least one predetermined icon 973, based ona proximity between the selected second input object 970 and thereference surface 910.

Referring to FIG. 10, in operation 1010, the apparatus may sense aplurality of input objects. In operation 1020, the apparatus may selectat least one input object, based on a predetermined mode. In operation1030, the apparatus may perform signal processing for extracting an axisand an endpoint of the selected input object. In operation 1040, theapparatus may extract the axis and the endpoint of the selected inputobject, based on a result of the signal processing. In operation 1050,the apparatus may dispose at least one predetermined icon, based on atleast one of the extracted axis, the extracted endpoint, a distancebetween the selected input object and a reference surface, and adistance between the selected input object and a predetermined positionon the reference surface, for example.

Identical descriptions provided with reference to FIGS. 1 through 9C maybe applied to the modules of FIG. 10 and thus a repeated descriptionwill be omitted for conciseness.

FIG. 11 illustrates an apparatus 1100 for recognizing a proximity motionthat may recognize an input pattern according to example embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 11, the apparatus 1100 may include a sensor 1110, aninput pattern recognizer 1120, a function performer 1130, and a display1140.

The sensor 1110 may include a first sensor and a second sensor. Theinput pattern recognizer 1120 may recognize an input pattern, based onat least one of an output signal of the first sensor and an outputsignal of the second sensor.

Here, the input pattern recognizer 1120 may track a movement of an inputobject, thereby sensing a change in at least one of a number ofproximity motion points, a direction of a proximity motion, and a changein proximity coordinates, for example.

The function performer 1130 may perform a function corresponding to theinput pattern recognized by the input pattern recognizer 1120. Here, thefunction performer 1130 may determine a function corresponding to theinput pattern differently, based on a type of an application currentlybeing executed. For example, although identical input patterns areinput, the apparatus may perform different functions, based on the typeof the application currently being executed.

The input pattern recognizer 1120 may calculate at least one of avelocity and an angular velocity of the input object, based on at leastone of the output signal of the first sensor and the output signal ofthe second sensor.

For example, the input pattern recognizer 1120 may track a change in aposition of the input object, based on at least one of the output signalof the first sensor and the output signal of the second sensor. In thisinstance, the input pattern recognizer 1120 may calculate the velocityor the angular velocity of the input object, using a value of the changein the position of the input object.

In addition, the function performer 1130 may detect a functioncorresponding to the input pattern, based on the velocity or the angularvelocity of the input object calculated by the input pattern recognizer1120.

For example, the function performer 1130 may utilize the velocity or theangular velocity of the input object calculated by the input patternrecognizer 1120, as information required for various UIs, such as aspeed at which cards are shuffled and a rotational speed of a roulettewheel, for example.

In addition, the apparatus 1100 may output a result of the performanceof the function performer 1130 using the display 1140.

FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate an operation of switching between a 2Dinterface and a 3D interface by an apparatus for recognizing a proximitymotion according to example embodiments.

Although not shown in the drawings, the apparatus may further include adisplay, a calculator, and a display controller.

The display may provide a 2D interface and a 3D interface. Thecalculator may calculate at least one of a position, a velocity, and anangular velocity of an input object, based on an output signal of afirst sensor and an output signal of a second sensor. The displaycontroller may control an operation mode of the display, based on thecalculation.

For example, referring to FIG. 12A, the apparatus may sense an inputobject input in a space at a predetermined distance from a referencesurface 1210. When an input object sensed in the corresponding space isabsent, the apparatus may display a plurality of icons 1220 using the 2Dinterface.

When an input object 1240 is sensed in the corresponding space, theapparatus may switch from the 2D interface to the 3D interface. In thisinstance, the apparatus may display a plurality of icons 1230 using the3D interface.

Referring to FIG. 12B, according to example embodiments, when an inputobject sensed in a space at a predetermined distance from a referencesurface 1250, the apparatus may display a plurality of icons 1260 usingthe 3D interface.

When an input object 1280 is sensed in the corresponding space, theapparatus may switch from the 3D interface to the 2D interface. In thisinstance, the apparatus may display a plurality of icons 1270 using the2D interface.

The method according to the above-described embodiments may be recordedin non-transitory computer-readable media including program instructionsto implement various operations embodied by a computer. The media mayalso include, alone or in combination with the program instructions,data files, data structures, and the like. The program instructionsrecorded on the media may be those specially designed and constructedfor the purposes of embodiments, or they may be of the kind well-knownand available to those having skill in the computer software arts.Examples of non-transitory computer-readable media include magneticmedia such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape; optical mediasuch as CD ROM discs and DVDs; magneto-optical media such as opticaldiscs; and hardware devices that are specially configured to store andperform program instructions, such as read-only memory (ROM), randomaccess memory (RAM), flash memory, and the like. The computer-readablemedia may also be a distributed network, so that the programinstructions are stored and executed in a distributed fashion. Theprogram instructions may be executed by one or more processors. Thecomputer-readable media may also be embodied in at least one applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC) or Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA), which executes (processes like a processor) programinstructions. Examples of program instructions include both machinecode, such as produced by a compiler, and files containing higher levelcode that may be executed by the computer using an interpreter. Thedescribed hardware devices may be configured to act as one or moresoftware modules in order to perform the operations of theabove-described embodiments, or vice versa.

Although embodiments have been shown and described, it would beappreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made inthese embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit ofthe disclosure, the scope of which is defined by the claims and theirequivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus for recognizing a proximity motionusing sensors, the apparatus comprising: sensors, operatively connectedand comprising: a first sensor configured to sense an off-surface firstinput region at a distance closer than a predetermined distance off of areference surface for recognizing a proximate motion of a first inputobject within the off-surface first input region, and a second sensorsimultaneously operable with the first sensor and configured to sense asecond input region at a distance farther than the predetermineddistance from the reference surface, wherein the second sensor senses arate of change of light of each pixel over time; and an informationtransfer controller to transfer information between the first sensor andthe second sensor, the information related to a transition of the firstinput object in response to the transition occurring between the firstinput region and the second input region.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1,further comprising: a proximity measurer to measure a proximity betweenthe first input object and the reference surface; and a sensorcontroller to selectively activate the first sensor and the secondsensor, based on the measured proximity.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2,wherein the sensor controller comprises: a proximity comparator tocompare the proximity to the predetermined distance; and an operationmode controller to control an operation mode of the first sensor and anoperation mode of the second sensor, based on the comparison, whereinthe operation mode comprises at least one of an active mode, an inactivemode, and a stand-by mode.
 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein theoperation mode controller controls the second sensor to transition fromthe active mode to the stand-by mode or the inactive mode and controlsthe first sensor to transition from the inactive or the stand-by mode tothe active mode when the first input object is determined to betransitioning into the first input region from the second input regionbased on the measured proximity.
 5. The apparatus of claim 3, whereinthe operation mode controller controls the first sensor to transitionfrom the active mode to the standby mode or the inactive mode andcontrols the second sensor to transition from the inactive or thestandby mode to the active mode when the first input object isdetermined to be transitioning into the second input region from thefirst input region based on the measured proximity.
 6. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the information related to the transition comprises anx-coordinate and a y-coordinate of the first input object being sensedin at least one of the first input region and the second input region.7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the first sensor senses andindicates a three-dimensional location, including sensed x, y, andz-coordinates, of the first input object in the first input region, andthe second sensor senses and indicates a two-dimensional location,including sensed x and y-coordinates, of the first input object in thesecond input region.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the firstsensor comprises a touch sensor to distinguish between a touching of thereference surface by the first input object and the object being sensedwithin the first input region, and the second sensor comprises a visionsensor and indicates a two-dimensional location of the first inputobject based on a captured depth image.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1,further comprising: a display to display a proximity motion interface;and an interface controller to control sizing of an area of theproximity motion interface indicating the first input object based on aproximity between the first input object and the reference surface, inresponse to the first input object being input in the first inputregion.
 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein: the proximity motioninterface comprises at least one icon, and the interface controllercontrols, in response to the at least one icon being an icon indicatedby the first input object, each of sizing of the icon to increase as theproximity between the first input object and the reference surfaceincreases, and selection of the icon, such that the icon is selected inresponse to the first input object being in contact with the referencesurface.
 11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a display todisplay a proximity motion interface; and an interface controller tocontrol the proximity motion interface to dispose at least onepredetermined icon along a perimeter of a point indicated by a secondinput object, in response to the second input object being input in thesecond input region.
 12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising:a signal processor to extract an axis and an endpoint of the first inputobject based on an output signal of the first sensor, when the firstinput object is input in the first input region, wherein the interfacecontroller controls, using the axis and the endpoint of the first inputobject, the proximity motion interface to dispose the at least onepredetermined icon along a perimeter of an area in which the display isobscured by the first input object, in response to the first inputobject being input in the first input region.
 13. The apparatus of claim12, wherein the interface controller controls the proximity motioninterface to change sizing of the at least one predetermined icon. 14.The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: input sensing units todetermine whether input objects, comprising the first and second inputobjects, are sensed, based on at least one of an output signal of thefirst sensor and an output signal of the second sensor; and an inputselector to select at least one of the input objects based on apredetermined mode, in response to the input sensing units determiningthat the input objects are sensed.
 15. The apparatus of claim 14,wherein the predetermined mode comprises a mode in which the inputobjects are received, a mode in which an input object most proximate tothe reference surface is selected, and a mode in which an input objectis selected when a position indicated by the input object is mostproximate to a predetermined position above the reference surface. 16.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the interface controller controlssizing of the at least one predetermined icon based on a proximitybetween at least one input object and the reference surface.
 17. Theapparatus of claim 14, further comprising: a display to display aproximity motion interface; a signal processor to extract an axis and anendpoint of at least one input object based on an output signal of thefirst sensor, in response to the at least one input object being sensedin the first input region; and an interface controller to control theproximity motion interface to dispose at least one predetermined iconalong a perimeter of a point indicated by at least one of the inputobjects, in response to the at least one input object being sensed inthe second input region, and to control, using the axis and the endpointof the at least one input object, the proximity motion interface todispose the at least one predetermined icon along a perimeter of an areain which the display is obscured by the at least one input object, inresponse to the at least one input object being sensed in the firstinput region.
 18. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: an inputpattern recognizer to recognize an input pattern based on at least oneof an output signal of the first sensor and an output signal of thesecond sensor; and a function performer to perform a functioncorresponding to the input pattern.
 19. The apparatus of claim 18,wherein: the input pattern recognizer comprises: a calculator tocalculate at least one of a velocity and an angular velocity of thefirst input object, based on at least one of the output signal of thefirst sensor and the output signal of the second sensor, and thefunction performer comprises: a detector to detect a functioncorresponding to the input pattern, based on a result of thecalculating.
 20. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a displayto provide a two-dimensional (2D) interface and a three-dimensional (3D)interface; a calculator to calculate at least one of a position, avelocity, and an angular velocity of the first input object, based on atleast one of an output signal of the first sensor and an output signalof the second sensor; and a display controller to control an operationmode of the display based on a result of the calculating.
 21. Anapparatus for recognizing a proximity motion using sensors, theapparatus comprising: sensors, operatively connected and comprising: afirst sensor configured to sense a first input region at a distancecloser than a predetermined distance from a reference surface forrecognizing a proximate motion, and a second sensor simultaneouslyoperable with the first sensor and configured to sense a second inputregion at a distance farther than the predetermined distance from thereference surface, wherein the second sensor senses a rate of change oflight of each pixel over time; an information transfer controller totransfer information between the first sensor and the second sensor, theinformation related to a transition of first input object in response tothe transition occurring between the first input region and the secondinput region; a display to display a proximity motion interface; aninterface controller to control the proximity motion interface for atleast one predetermined icon to be disposed along a perimeter of a pointindicated by a second input object, when the second input object isinput in the second input region; and a signal processor to extract anaxis and an endpoint of the first input object based on an output signalof the first sensor, in response to the first input object being inputin the first input region, wherein the interface controller controls,using the axis and the endpoint of the first input object, the proximitymotion interface to dispose the at least one predetermined icon along aperimeter of an area of the interface in which the display is obscuredby the first input object, in response to the first input object beinginput in the first input region.
 22. The apparatus of claim 21, whereinthe interface controller controls sizing of the at least onepredetermined icon based on the proximity between the first input objectand the reference surface.
 23. An apparatus for recognizing a proximitymotion using sensors, the apparatus comprising: sensors, operativelyconnected and comprising: a first sensor configured to sense a firstinput region at a distance closer than a predetermined distance from areference surface for recognizing a proximate motion; a second sensorsimultaneously operable with the first sensor and configured to sense asecond input region at a distance farther than the predetermineddistance from the reference surface, wherein the second sensor senses arate of change of light of each pixel over time; an information transfercontroller to transfer information between the first sensor and thesecond sensor, the information related to a transition of an inputobject, in response to the transition occurring between the first inputregion and the second input region; sensing units to determine whetherinput objects are sensed, based on at least one of an output signal ofthe first sensor and an output signal of the second sensor; an inputselector to select at least one of the input objects based on apredetermined mode, in response to the input sensing units determiningthat the input objects are sensed; a display to display a proximitymotion interface; a signal processor to extract an axis and an endpointof at least one input object based on an output signal of the firstsensor, in response to the at least one input object being sensed in thefirst input region; and an interface controller to control the proximitymotion interface to dispose at least one predetermined icon along aperimeter of a point indicated by at least one of the input objects, inresponse to the at least one input object being sensed in the secondinput region, and to control, using the axis and the endpoint of the atleast one input object, the proximity motion interface to dispose the atleast one predetermined icon along a perimeter of an area in which thedisplay is obscured by the at least one input object, in response to theat least one input object being sensed in the first input region.
 24. Amethod of recognizing a proximity motion using each of operativelyconnected sensors, the method comprising: sensing, using a first sensor,an off-surface first input region in response to a first input objectbeing present in the first input region at a distance closer than apredetermined distance off of a reference surface for recognizing aproximity motion of the first input object off of the reference surface;sensing, using a second sensor, a second input region the first inputobject is present in the second input region at a distance farther thanthe predetermined distance from the reference surface, and sensing arate of change of light of each pixel over time, the second sensor beingsimultaneously operable with the first sensor; and transferring, betweenthe first sensor and the second sensor, information related to atransition of the first input object in response to the transitionoccurring between the first input region and the second input region.25. The method of claim 24, further comprising: measuring a proximitybetween the first input object and the reference surface; andselectively activating the first sensor and the second sensor, based onthe measured proximity.
 26. The method of claim 25, wherein theselective activation includes controlling the second sensor totransition from an active mode to a standby mode or inactive mode, andcontrolling the first sensor to transition from the inactive or thestandby mode to the active mode, in response to the first input objectbeing determined to be transitioning into the first input region fromthe second input region based on the measured proximity.
 27. The methodof claim 25, wherein the selective activation includes controlling thefirst sensor to transition from an active mode to a standby mode orinactive mode, and controlling the second sensor to transition from theinactive or the standby mode to the active mode, in response to thefirst input object being determined to be transitioning into the secondinput region from the first input region based on the measuredproximity.
 28. The method of claim 24, wherein the information relatedto the transition comprises an x-coordinate and a y-coordinate of thefirst input object being sensed in at least one of the first inputregion and the second input region.
 29. The method of claim 24, wherein:the first sensor senses and indicates a three-dimensional location,including sensed x, y, and z-coordinates, of the first input object inthe first input region, and the second sensor senses and indicates atwo-dimensional location, including sensed x and y-coordinates, of thefirst input object in the second input region.
 30. The method of claim24, wherein: the first sensor comprises a touch sensor to distinguishbetween a touching of the reference surface by the first input objectand sensing within the first input region, and the second sensorcomprises a vision sensor, and indicates a two-dimensional location ofthe first input object based on a captured depth image.
 31. The methodof claim 24, further comprising: controlling a proximity motioninterface to change sizing of an area indicated by the first inputobject based on a proximity between the first input object and thereference surface, in response to the first input object being input inthe first input region; and displaying the proximity motion interface.32. The method of claim 31, wherein: the proximity motion interfacecomprises at least one icon, and the controlling comprises: controlling,in response to the at least one icon corresponding to an icon indicatedby the first input object, the proximity motion interface to increase asize of the icon as the proximity between the first input object and thereference surface increases; and controlling, in response to the atleast one icon corresponding to the icon indicated by the first inputobject, the proximity motion interface to select the icon, in responseto the first input object being in contact with the reference surface.33. The method of claim 24, further comprising: controlling a proximitymotion interface to dispose at least one predetermined icon along aperimeter of a point indicated by a second input object, in response tothe second input object being input in the second input region; anddisplaying the proximity motion interface.
 34. The method of claim 33,further comprising: extracting an axis and an endpoint of the firstinput object based on an output signal of the first sensor, in responseto the first input object being input in the first input region, whereinthe controlling comprises controlling, using the axis and the endpointof the first input object, the proximity motion interface to dispose theat least one predetermined icon along a perimeter of an area in whichthe display is obscured by the first input object, in response to thefirst input object being input in the first input region.
 35. The methodof claim 24, further comprising: determining whether input objects,comprising the first input object and the second input object, aresensed, based on at least one of an output signal of the first sensorand an output signal of the second sensor; and selecting at least one ofthe input objects based on a predetermined mode, in response to theinput sensing units determining that the input objects are sensed. 36.The method of claim 35, wherein the predetermined mode comprises a modein which the input objects are received, a mode in which an input objectmost proximate to the reference surface is selected, and a mode in whichan input object is selected in response to a position indicated by theinput object being most proximate to a predetermined position above thereference surface.
 37. The method of claim 24, further comprising:calculating at least one of a velocity and an angular velocity of thefirst input object, based on at least one of the output signal of thefirst sensor and the output signal of the second sensor; and performinga function corresponding to the input pattern, based on the calculation.38. The method of claim 24, further comprising: calculating at least oneof a position, a velocity, and an angular velocity of the first inputobject, based on at least one of an output signal of the first sensorand an output signal of the second sensor; and switching an operationmode of a display between a two-dimensional (2D) interface and athree-dimensional (3D) interface, based on the calculation.
 39. Anon-transitory computer-readable medium comprising a program forinstructing a computer to perform the method of claim
 24. 40. A methodof recognizing a proximity motion using each of operatively connectedsensors, the method comprising: sensing, using a first sensor, a firstinput region in response to a first input object being present in thefirst input region at a distance closer than a predetermined distancefrom a reference surface for recognizing a proximity motion; sensing,using a second sensor, a second input region when the first input objectis present in the second input region at a distance farther than thepredetermined distance from the reference surface, and sensing a rate ofchange of light of each pixel over time, the second sensor beingsimultaneously operable with the first sensor; transferring, between thefirst sensor and the second sensor, information related to a transitionof the first input object in response to the transition occurringbetween the first input region and the second input region; controllinga proximity motion interface to dispose at least one predetermined iconalong a perimeter of a point indicated by a second input object, inresponse to the second input object being input in the second inputregion; displaying the proximity motion interface; and extracting anaxis and an endpoint of the first input object based on an output signalof the first sensor, in response to the first input object being inputin the first input region, wherein the controlling comprisescontrolling, using the axis and the endpoint of the first input object,the proximity motion interface to dispose the at least one predeterminedicon along a perimeter of an area in which the display is obscured bythe first input object, in response to the first input object beinginput in the first input region.
 41. A method of controlling a userinterface device using each of operatively connected sensors, the methodcomprising: controlling the user interface device to actuate a firstsensor to sense for an input in a first off-surface region off of atouch input surface of the user interface device; controlling the userinterface device to actuate a second sensor to sense for an input in asecond off-surface region measured from the touch input surface, andfarther away from the touch input surface than the first region, andsense a rate of change of light of each pixel over time, the secondsensor being simultaneously operable with the first sensor; actuating aninformation transfer controller to transfer information between thefirst sensor and the second sensor, the information related to atransition of the first input object in response to the transitionoccurring between the first input region and the second input region;and selectively controlling a user interface of the user interfacedevice in a first manner and a second manner based on at least one of aposition and a movement of the sensed input within the first region andthe second region.